户县民情风俗岁时纪行二

lynco

<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、端阳</SPAN>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">农历五月初五称“端午”。因此时天气渐暖，病菌容易流传，故旧时有很多“避邪除疾”的习俗。如门悬艾蒿、插菖蒲，小孩、妇女戴香包、缚五花绳。香包是用丝绒线、绸布、色布绣制而成，内装雄黄和香草配置的香料，小巧玲珑，香气扑鼻，是传统的手工艺品。这一天还在屋内外洒雄黄水，在孩子的耳、鼻、额头涂抹雄黄，用来祛湿解毒，驱虫除秽。端阳节吃粽子，相传是为纪念爱国诗人屈原。粽子包糯米、红枣和豆沙，以芦叶或者笋壳叶包缚之，先一晚煮在锅里，早晨起来吃，还要给嫁出之女和外甥送。解放后，这些习俗逐渐被科学防疫所替代。但是吃粽子、送粽子仍一直延续下来。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">五、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中秋</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">农历八月十五日</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为中秋。民国初有“烙团圆”的习惯，全家烙上一个大饼，内包糖、芝麻（烤干压面），或蔬菜之类。上压云、月等图案，作简单花边。月上中天，祭月一毕，切块分食，每人一份，庆贺全家团聚。如有人不在，就把那一份寄出或者留下，表示团圆。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解放后，一般备办月饼、瓜果之类，农村有的还烙包糖或芝麻馅的“坨坨馍”，晚上摆在当院，全家围坐一起，边赏月边吃。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中秋月饼是很好的节令食品，面用白糖参拌，内包有冰糖、青红丝和核桃仁等，大小不一，品种多样。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">六、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">重阳</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">农历九月初九</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，又叫“重九”。重阳登高是远古习俗。现在这一天，除极少数人出游外，机关、学校、厂矿等多组织登上、拔河、越野赛等体育活动。民间还要给嫁出去的女子送柿子。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">重阳前后一般多雨，故以重阳雨晴来预测冬季雨雪的多少，群众中有“重阳不下（雨）看十三，十三不下（雨）一冬干”的谚语。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">七、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">腊八</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">农历十二月初八</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为腊八，又名“五谷节”。相传为释迦牟尼佛的道日。寺院在这一天做“七宝粥”献于佛前。民间用玉米去皮，杂以豆类，做腊八粥，又有胡萝卜做腊八菜，放佐料调合之，味美可口。人们以为吃了腊八，谷物会丰满，因之说：“腊八粥，吃不足（俗念“究”），吃了腊八便丰收。”腊八粥除了人吃外，还给猫儿、狗儿、牛儿也吃一点；并以粥涂果树，以期果实殷繁，俗话说：“大树小树吃腊八，来年多结大疙瘩。”</SPAN></P>