中华第一城在户县

老农民

              中华第一城在户县

     中华民族的文明史至少已经有五千多年了。古代城堡的出现，是人类文明的重要标志。中国最早的城堡出现在哪里？这是许多专家学者多年来苦苦探寻的一个重要课题。根据史学界逐步形成的共识，我可以负责任地报告大家，中华第一城就在陕西户县，就是古崇国的所在地。

    崇国古城始建于公元前2357年，距今已经有4370年历史了。《吕氏春秋•郡守》记载：“奚仲作车，仓颉作书，后稷作稼，皋陶作刑，夏鲧作城，此六人者，所作当矣。”《吴越春秋》曰：“鲧筑城以卫君，造国以居人，此城郭之始也。”《仪礼·子夏》：“君，至尊也。”注：“天下诸侯及卿大夫有地者皆曰君。”我们权当“君”当作政府的简称，“卫君”就是保护政要，就是当时的政治中心。“居人”即居住市民，即人口聚集的地方。说明了城的主要功能，这时最早见于文字的关于筑城的记载。

     鲧是何许人？他主持建造的城在什么地方？古籍记载：鲧，崇伯之名。鲧是黄帝轩辕氏的后裔颛顼的儿子，也是大禹的父亲。《史记•夏本纪》索隐载“皇甫谧曰：鲧，帝颛顼之子，字熙。”《连山易》云：“鲧封于崇。”约在公元前2357年，尧作为部落联盟的首领执政，封鲧为崇伯（伯：古时的一种爵位，有公侯伯子男等）。

    鲧受封的崇国在什么地方？《史记•周本纪》曰：“虞、夏、商、周皆有崇国。崇国盖在丰镐之间。”《左氏春秋传》杜预注：“始平郡有扈乡，殷为崇国，乃此也。《康熙字典》载：“崇，国名。尧时崇伯鲧，商时崇侯虎，在今西安府鄠县。”就在位于今天县城北边的西韩村一带，也就是鄠县古城旧址。

      崇国城当时建成了什么样子？一时无从考证。只知道它屡废屡建，存世有1220多年时间。直到一千多年后的殷商时期，崇侯虎即当时崇国国君。从《 史记》对 崇侯虎的记录言辞中看，崇侯虎终于殷商，时时监视着位于周原的新兴势力周国。《史记》曰：“崇侯虎谮西伯于殷纣曰：“西伯积善累德，诸侯皆向之，将不利于帝。”帝纣乃囚西伯于羑里。”周人以美女和财帛行贿于纣王帝辛，得到纣王的赦免和信任。纣王赏赐西伯侯姬昌大量兵器物资，并授予征伐之权。还向姬昌公开了崇侯虎告发他的事实。吃尽苦头、险些丢了性命的姬昌怎么能善罢甘休？经过几年准备，周文王实行翦商战略，先后攻灭犬戎、密须、耆和邗等商朝属国，公元前1136年，姬昌集中兵力攻崇。面对周军进攻，崇国依仗高大城墙和强大军力顽强坚守，被围困30天，仍拒不投降。于是周文王一面加强军力，准备大量攻城器械，出动了当时最先进的临车、冲车，联合其它附庸国共同行动。另一面安抚民众，进行政治攻势，宣布崇侯“茂侮父兄，不敬长老，听狱不中，分财不均，百姓力尽，不得衣食”(《说苑》)的罪状，标榜自己为民伐崇，并令军队不得任意杀人、坏室、填井伐树、抢掠牲畜，以解除崇人顾虑，瓦解守军斗志。周军终于攻下崇城。

     中国最早的诗歌典籍《诗经•皇矣》生动地描述了这场生死之战：

……帝谓文王：訽尔仇方，同尔弟兄，以尔钩援，与尔临冲，以伐崇墉。

　临冲闲闲，崇墉言言。执讯连连，攸馘安安。是类是禡，是致是附，四方以无侮。临冲茀茀，崇墉仡仡。是伐是肆，是绝是忽。四方以无拂。

翻译成现代语言就是：

      上帝对文王说道：“要与盟国咨询商量，联合同姓兄弟之邦。
　　用你那些爬城钩援，和你那些攻战车，讨伐攻破崇国城墙。”
　　临车冲车轰隆出动，崇国城墙坚固高耸。抓来俘虏成群结队，
　　割取敌耳安详从容。祭祀天神求得胜利，招降崇国安抚民众，
　　四方不敢侵我国中。临车冲车多么强盛，哪怕崇国城墙高耸。
　　坚决打击坚决进攻，把那顽敌斩杀一空，四方不敢抗我威风。
    在数倍于己的强敌面前，依靠高大坚固的城防，坚守几个月时间，可见崇城的高大险峻。诗中的“崇墉”，即指崇国的都城，也指高大险峻的城池。“言言”指高大的样子。仡仡:高崇的样子。都是对崇城的形容。

    灭崇后，文王修筑丰邑(秦镇附近)，为继续东进基地，与商王朝决战，最后建立了西周的统治。

    殷商时期，中华大地上先后有1500多个方国，大的可能囊括数县、数乡，小的也可能只有现在一个村子大小。当时户县土地上先后有崇国、扈国、甘国、郝国、邗国等。古城经常易主，时为扈国国都，时为崇国国都，教人眼花缭乱。

     直到秦共公二年（公元前607年）再灭崇国，以古扈国命名为扈邑。秦孝公十二年（公元前350年）建都咸阳，封全国为41县，改扈邑为鄠县。隋大业十年（公元614年）因战乱水灾，将县城改建于故城南二里今址，到1949年时，县城面积约为0.6公里。1958年前后被拆除。上世纪六十年代，经国务院批准，鄠县更名为户县。

atrois

太能扯了！你咋不说“户县是地球第一城”呢？
与其在故纸堆里搜肠刮肚的寻找户县过去是多么的牛逼，还不是关注于怎么才能改善现在户县人的生活，让户县人过得更自在开心些。

就算是你说的中国第一城，请问，户县现在地表建筑，能证明所谓的“第一城”的建筑都有哪些？

无聊！

唐古拉

珍贵史料，仔细阅读了。

lynco

了解

雨后天空

学习了

老农民

谢谢关注

东城舍人

勤奋的老农民！！！

老农民

老农民

atrois 发表于 2013-10-26 11:48
太能扯了！你咋不说“户县是地球第一城”呢？
与其在故纸堆里搜肠刮肚的寻找户县过去是多么的牛逼，还不是 ...

稍安勿躁，请暂息雷霆之怒。一句无聊说得有点武断吧？无端漫骂恐怕不是应有的态度吧.探寻历史，也是一家之言，有不同见解，尽可探讨。何必热嘲冷讽？四千多年前的建筑，谁有办法保存至今。千百年风雨沧桑，世界是发生了很大变化。但上下五千年的文明史，总该不断挖掘探寻吧？欢迎探讨、考证、追寻。

老农民

老农民 发表于 2013-10-26 15:31

怎么回复错了楼层？现已重发

亦稼亦穑

探讨、考证、追寻.人不能忘根忘本，寻根问祖，是中华文化源源不断的根本。支持楼主的探索精神。

唐古拉

我也支持！

春梦无痕

学习了，谢谢老友费心了

鸡鸣庐主

以史为鉴可以知兴衰！老农民辛苦功高！

我心永恒着

这段文字只是让我们认识下历史，了解我们的故乡，让我们自豪，从而更加努力去改变县状！！

老农民

诚谢各位网友支持鼓励！

骑着电驴逛户县

古时候的县是很大的。经过千年战乱，圈地划村，早就缩成蛋了。第一城，敢挂在村口吗，大哥。这名字能当饭吃么？

lexidxiechh

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龙昌门业

有何出土为证,别搞的和山边那一拨人利用钟馗捞钱一样